Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Periapical actinomycosis is a relatively rare form of cervicofacial actinomycosis, which\ntypically involves the periapical region with subsequent potential spread to the jaw bones. We hereby\npresent two cases of periapical actinomycosis. Both patients presented with jaw pain and â??holesâ? in\ntheir gum and lacked the characteristic clinical features commonly seen in cervicofacial actinomycosis\nsuch as jaw mass, draining ulcers, sinuses and fistulae. The first patient was an immunocompetent\nhost with chronic stable medical conditions but with a rather bad dentition requiring multiple recent\nteeth extractions. The second patient was edentulous, had refractory multiple myeloma, was on\nlow-dose chronic steroids and pomalidomide therapy and therefore relatively immunocompromised.\nBoth cases of actinomycosis were diagnosed by jaw bone histopathology, which showed characteristic\nsulfur granules and embedded Actinomyces-like organisms. The two patients had excellent clinical\nresponse to six months of penicillin therapy without any need for surgical intervention. The cases\nremind clinicians of including actinomycosis in the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions and\nillustrates the possibility of achieving cure with non-surgical treatment....
Background: Caries detection in school oral examinations insufficient accuracy.\nObjective: To evaluate advantages of introducing quantitative lightinduced\nfluorescence-digital (QLF-D) in school oral examinations. Methods:\nExperiment No. 1. Early demineralized lesions in the upper and lower incisors\nand canines were visually inspected by three dentists and by QLF-D. The\nnumbers of tooth planes with early demineralized lesions were compared\nbetween the methods. Experiment No. 2. Approximal demineralized lesions\nin molars were assessed by visual inspection, x-ray imaging, and QLF-D. The\nnumbers of tooth planes with demineralized lesions were compared among\nthe methods. Experiment No. 3. Plaque distribution was evaluated by QLF-D\nand a traditional staining method. The ratio of the diameter of plaque to\ntooth crown in the tooth axis direction in each method was calculated. The\nresults were evaluated by Pearsonâ??s correlation coefficient analysis and\nBland-Altman plot. Results: Experiment No. 1. The three dentists found 0.67\ntooth planes on average. QLF-D found 22 tooth planes with early demineralized\nlesions in the same samples. Experiment No. 2. Fourteen approximal\ntooth planes of molars were found to have demineralized lesions by x-ray\nimaging. QLF-D detected 71.4% of the tooth planes out of the 14, whereas\nvisual inspection found 7.1%. Experiment No. 3. The Pearsonâ??s correlation\ncoefficient for the evaluations of plaque distribution between the QLF-D and\ntraditional staining methods was 0.77 (P < 0.001). No statistically significant\nsystematic error was found through the Bland-Altman Plot analysis. Conclusion:\nThe results support introduction of QLF-D for use in school dental\nexaminations....
Dental implants provide a predictable treatment option for partial and complete edentulism\nvia the placement of a fixed permanent artificial root to support prosthetic dental crowns. Despite the\nhigh survival rates, long-term dental implant failures are still reported, leading to implant removals\nand additional financial and health burdens. While extrinsic factors that improve the success\nrate of implants have been well explored, the impact of genetic factors on this matter is poorly\nunderstood. A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to determine whether\ngenetic factors contribute to an increased risk of dental implant failures. A comprehensive search\nfor peer-reviewed articles on dental implants and genetic factors was performed using various\nliterature database libraries. The study design was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items\nfor Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the obtained records were\nregistered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database.\nAccording to the exclusion/inclusion criteria, 13 studies were eligible for this study out of 809 articles.\nThe meta-analysis of the combined association studies of DNA variations and dental implants did\nnot indicate an increased risk for implant failure due to DNA variations in IL-1B, IL-10 and TNF ... This study emphasizes the need for larger randomized controlled clinical trials to inform clinicians\nand patients about the role of genetic factors on dental implant survival and the success rate in\nhealthy and compromised patients....
Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the root canal morphology of maxillary first and second premolars in a Saudi\npopulation using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study assessed CBCT\nimages of 707 Saudi patients. The number of roots and canal configuration were identified based on Vertucciâ??s classification.\nFisherâ??s exact Chi-square tests were performed to analyze the association between sex and number of roots and sex and root canal\nconfiguration. Results. Most teeth had two roots in maxillary first premolars (75.1%) and one root in maxillary second premolars\n(85.2%). Type IV was the most prevalent canal configuration in maxillary first premolars (69.1%), while Type I was the most in\nmaxillary second premolars (49.4%). All types of canal configurations were observed in maxillary premolars except Type VII for\nthe maxillary second premolar. Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots and sex\nand root canal configuration in both maxillary first and second premolars although higher number of roots was seen in men (P\n> 0.05). Conclusion. Most maxillary first premolars had two roots with Type IV being the most predominant canal configuration,\nwhile a single root with Type I canal configuration was the most frequently observed morphology in maxillary second premolars.\nIn maxillary first premolars, 21.3% had one canal apically, 75.4% had two canals apically, and 3.3% had three canals apically. In\nmaxillary second premolars, 80.2% had one canal apically, 18.9% had two canals apically, and 0.9% had three canals apically....
The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel roughness, quality of the enamel surfaces\nand time duration comparing different orthodontic adhesive removal protocols. Premolars were\nused to test three adhesive removal methods (n = 20): five-blade carbide bur, 30-blade carbide bur,\nand ultrasonic diamond bur. Bracket was bonded using TransbondTM XT adhesive. Roughness with\ndifferent parameters was measured before bracket bonding and after adhesive remnants removal.\nMicromorphological analysis of enamel surface (n = 5) was performed by SEM images and categorized\nin enamel damage indexâ??â??perfectâ?; â??satisfyingâ?; â??imperfectâ?; and â??unacceptableâ?. Time was\nmeasured in seconds. All removal methods caused increased roughness in relation to Ra, Rq, and Rz\nparameters (X axis) comparing to healthy enamel surface. Enamel surface resulted from removal\nusing five-blade burs was scored as satisfactory. Carbide bur groups decreased the roughness\nvalues of Ra, Rq, and Rz parameters on the Y axis and enamel surface was considered unacceptable.\nThe 30-blade group increased symmetry (Rsk) and flattening (Rku) parameters of roughness and\nsurface was scored as unsatisfactory. Diamond bur removed adhesive in 54.8 s, faster than five-blade\ncarbide bur. The five-blade bur group resulted in less enamel roughness than the 30-blade and\ndiamond groups....
Abstract: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main etiological bacteria present in the oral cavity that\nleads to dental caries. All of the S. mutans in the oral cavity form biofilms that adhere to the surfaces of\nteeth. Dental caries are infections facilitated by the development of biofilm. An esterified derivative\nof epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), was used in this\nstudy to assess its ability to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The effect of\nEGCG-S on bacterial growth was evaluated with colony forming units (CFU) and log reduction;\nbiofilm formation was qualitatively determined by Congo red assay, and quantitatively determined\nby crystal violet assay, fluorescence-based LIVE/DEAD assays to study the cell viability, and scanning\nelectron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphological changes. The results indicated\nthat EGCG-S was able to completely inhibit growth and biofilm formation at concentrations of\n250 ... mL. Its effectiveness was also compared with a commonly prescribed mouthwash in the\nUnited States, chlorhexidine gluconate. EGCG-S was shown to be equally effective in reducing\nS. mutans growth as chlorhexidine gluconate. In conclusion, EGCG-S is potentially an anticariogenic\nagent by reducing bacterial presence in the oral cavity....
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